Nelson palmee



N. PALMER.

,Thrashing Machine.

Patented 1an 1, 186?.

I @uitritut @anni @frn NELSON PALMER, or HUDSON, AssIGNOR 'ro PuMsELE AND fr. aPALMER,

OP SOEULTZVILLE, NEW YORK.

Lese-m' Parmi No. 60,929, dans Jamey 1, 1867.

IMPROVEMENT IN TERESRING MAcEiNEs.

@the .ttehule nehmt tu im ltesr'tgttet iteut mit matting nu nf its stmt.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, NELSON aLMnR, oi' Hudson, in thecounty of Columbia, andState of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Threshing'lliachines; and I do hereby declarethat the following is .aA full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making part of this speciiication, in whichf Figure I is a perspective view, part of the upper concave or rubber being broken away-to show the threshing cylinder. A

Figure II is a vertical transverse section, and partly an end view.

Figure III is an elevation of the rough concave or rubber.'

Figure IV is an elevation of the smooth concave.

Figure V shows a. variation in construction, to he hereafter described.

In all the 'figures the same letters are used in the indication of identical parts,

My improvements are intended to be applied to that class of threshing machines in which the straw maybe fedrsideways to the machine, soas to enter with the length of the straw corresponding with the length of the threshing cylinder, and my invention consists in constructing the longitudinal ribs upon the threshing cylinder with the inclined faces upon one side thereof smooth, and the corresponding faces upon the OppositeA side thereof with diagonal or other corrugations. It is not csscntialto the successful operation or" this machine that the Straw be `fed sideways, or parallel to the length of the threshing cylinder, for it may be fed in any other manner, when it is not desired to preserve the straw in a condition of parallelism for binding.

Second, in constructing the machine with two concaves, one placed below and the other above the threshing cylinder, the ribs of one being smooth, to correspondlwith thesmooth faces on the ribs of the threshing cylinder, and the other with diagonal or other corrugations on the face of the ribs, with an inclination the reverse of those on the ribs of the threshingnuachine` cylindersr Third, in the combination of the threshing cylinder with the `opposite faces of the ribs, made, one smooth' and the other corrugated, with rough and smOOth-rihhed concaves, or with a sin'gle adjustable concave, having ribs, the faces of which `are alternately smooth and-corrugated; the said Acylinder heilig so connected with the driving power that it may he revolved in either direction as desired.

The following description will enable al person skilled in the art to construct and'use my improved threshingy machine.

lt is well known that in threshing grain from straw, the proper action of the machine'y depends upon thecondition of the straw.A If dry, the grain is easily detached from the heads, and the straw maybe passed through the machine without being much broken or materially injured. if, however', the straw is wet, tho grain is more diiiicult of removal, and requires a much rougher action in the machiner Itis tofa'ceommodat'ethe vary ing condition of the straw and grain that these changes have been intended.

A is the threshing cylinder, having longitudinal ribs, the faces of which are alternately smooth and corru-l gated. The cylinder is so connected with the driving powery that it may be revolved in either direction, and accordingly as it is operated in the one direction or the other, the smooth or the corrugated or otherwise roughi cned faces of the ribs will be presented to the concaves. B is the upper concave, the ribs of which havel corrugated or otherwise roughened faces; the corrugations in both the cylinder and concave are diagonally disposed, but with reversed anglesfso that they shall produce a shearing action by the motionof the cylinder across the face of the concave. When damp straw is to he passed through the machine, the cylinder is to 'be caused to revolve in such direction that the straw fed to it, upon the apron or feed-board D, shall he carried between the cylinder and the rough concave B; the corrugations upon the rihs of the cylinder being upon the faces presented to the rough concave in the revolution of the cylinder. On the other hand,- when the grain and straw are dry, it is desirable to thresh the grain with the least possible injury to the straw, and in such case the threshing cylinder should be caused to revolve in the opposite. direction, and carry the straw betweenfthe cylinder and the concave C placed below it, on which the ribs are constructed with smooth faces,'th o smooth faces ofthe ribson thethreshing cylinder-being now presented to the smooth concave. In this action of thc' machine the straw is but littlc"iiijured, and .even in thc case Whe-rc 'damp straw is passed through the rough action, it is'in much better conditiontlian when thrcsbed by toothed cylinders. The concaves are shown in the drawing and alluded to in thc speciiicationas being` placed`,`rcspectivoly, above and below the threshing cylinder. lThese positiohs ae, however, not essential; they may bve-,plncerl'in any positions that may beffiound to be convenient in reference to the other partsof thel machine. I have heretofore described two concavedvone rough and the other smooth, on' the faces of the ribs, but the same result may be obtained by a single concave, the ribs onwhioh formed like those of the cylinder, smooth upon cnc side and rough upon the other, so that as'the 4threshing cylinder revolved in-onc direction, the smooth faces of .the ribs should be brought in opposition to the smooth faces oi' Athe ribs on the concave, and when revolved in the reverso direction the roughfaces of `the ribs on the concave should be brought in opposition to the rough faces oi 'the ribs on 'the concave. Where n single concave is employed it should `be made adjustable, so as to be placed above or below or on-f'mc side -or the other of the cylinder, as desired. I have 'shown in iig. 5 one mode of making1 the concave adjustable, using straps on which -it may swing `one-halt` the circumference of the cylinder, as therein represented. Another modol of attaching the-,straps to the main frame is shown in g. 6. vAll those modes I claim are the more equivalents oi" one another, and so oi other variations that might be constructed, containing the fundamental principle of my improvement, viz, providing for rough or smooth threshing, by a cylinder which; revolving:r in one direction, shall present smooth ribs to smooth on the concave; and', revolving in the other direction, shall present rough ribs to rough ribs on the concave. I havc'not particularly described the arrangement of the gearing for giving a reversed motion-to the cylinder, as this muy be ldone in many Ways familiar tJ-any skillful, mechanic, by means of pulleys,'with straight and crossed belts, or by gearing.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, vis` I 1. A threshing,r cylinder,`whcn constructed with longitudinal ribs which are smooth upon one side and-rough upon the other, substantially as `and for the purpose set lforth.

2. In'a threshing machine the use of two ribbed ooncaves or rubbers, on onel ci' which the ribs arofsmooth on theiixfa'ces and on the other rough, substantiallyjcsand for the purpose set forth. i

.So constructing-the'concaves of threshing maohinesthatthe straw may, in thc action of the machine, be brought into Contact vwith either smooth or, roughened ribs, or faces of ribs, as desired, substantially as and for the purpose' set forth. v

4. A threshing cylinder when so connected with the motive power and related to the concave or concaves,

and other parts of the machine, that it may be operated revolving in either direction, substantially asset forth.

' 5. In combination `with a threshing cylinder` having ribs smooth upon one side and rough upon the other, I claim a ribbedconcave or ribbed concaves, so constructed and arranged as to present smooth faces to the smooth faces of the threshing cylinder when revolving in one. drection, and roughened faces to the rough faces on Ithe' ribs of the threshing cylinder, when revolving in the reverseV direction, substantially asaud for the purpose set forth.'

i vIn testimony whereof I have signed my name to this speciication'in the presence oftwosubscribing witnesses.

NELSON PALMER. Witnesses D. P. HonLoWAY, Tt G. PALMER. 

